Cancer - One in three people develop cancer during their lives

CancerOne in three people develop cancer during their lives


Incidence
The four most common cancers – breast, lung, colorectal and prostate – accounted for more than half of the 245,300 new cases of malignant cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) registered in England in 2007. Of the total number of new cases, 123,100 were in males and 122,200 in females. Breast cancer accounted for 31 per cent of cases among women and prostate cancer for 25 per cent among men.Cancer is predominantly a disease of older people – only 0.5 per cent of cases registered in 2007 were in children (aged under 15) and 25 per cent were in people aged under 60. Between 1971 and 2007, the age-standardised incidence of cancer increased by around 21 per cent in males and 45 per cent in females.
Mortality
Over one in four people die from cancer. Cancer accounted for 30 per cent of all deaths in males and 25 per cent in females. The four most common cancers accounted for nearly half of the 127,800 deaths from cancer (including non-melanoma skin cancer) in England in 2007. Of these, 66,500 of the total were in males and 61,200 in females.
Survival
Survival varies by type of cancer and, for each cancer, by a number of factors including sex, age and socio-economic status.Five-year relative survival is very low (in the range 3–16 per cent) for cancers of the pancreas, lung, oesophagus, stomach and brain for patients diagnosed in England in 2001–06, compared with ovarian cancer (39 per cent), cancers of the bladder, colon and cervix (47–64 per cent), and cancers of the prostate and breast (77–82 per cent).For the majority of cancers, a higher proportion of women than men survived for at least five years after diagnosis. Among adults, the younger the age at diagnosis, the higher the survival for almost every cancer. Five-year survival rates for patients diagnosed in England in 2001–06 improved slightly or stayed stable for 16 of the 21 most common cancers compared to the period 2000–04.

Trade to expand by 9.5% in 2010 after a dismal 2009, WTO reports

Trade to expand by 9.5% in 2010 after a dismal 2009, WTO reports

After the sharpest decline in more than 70 years, world trade is set to rebound in 2010 by growing at 9.5%, according to WTO economists. “WTO rules and principles have assisted governments in keeping markets open and they now provide a platform from which trade can grow as the global economy improves. We see the light at the end of the tunnel and trade promises to be an important part of the recovery. But we must avoid derailing any economic revival through protectionism,” said Director-General Pascal Lamy.
Exports from developed economies are expected to increase by 7.5% in volume terms over the course of the year while shipments from the rest of the world (including developing economies and the Commonwealth of Independent States) should rise by around 11% as the world emerges from recession.
This strong expansion will help recover some, but by no means all, of the ground lost in 2009 when the global economic crisis sparked a 12.2% contraction in the volume of global trade — the largest such decline since World War II. Should trade continue to expand at its current pace, the economists predict, it would take another year for trade volumes to surpass the peak level of 2008. Measuring trade in volume terms provides a more reliable basis for annual comparisons since volume measurements are not distorted by changes in commodity prices or currency fluctuations, as they can be when trade is measured in dollars or other currencies.
One positive development in 2009 was the absence of any major increase in trade barriers imposed by WTO members in response to the crisis. The number of trade-restricting measures applied by governments has actually declined in recent months. However, significant slack remains in the global economy, and unemployment is likely to remain high throughout 2010 in many countries. Persistent unemployment may intensify protectionist pressures.
“During these difficult times, the multilateral trading system has once again proven its value. WTO rules and principles have assisted governments in keeping markets open and they now provide a platform from which trade can grow as the global economy improves. We see the light at the end of the tunnel and trade promises to be an important part of the recovery. But we must avoid derailing any economic revival through protectionism,” said WTO Director-General Pascal Lamy.

Why was the trade decline so large?
The 12% drop in the volume of world trade in 2009 was larger than most economists had predicted. This contraction also exceeded the WTO’s earlier forecast of a 10% decline. World trade volumes fell on three other occasions after 1965 (—0.2% in 2001, —2% in 1982, and —7% in 1975), but none of these episodes approached the magnitude of last year’s economic slide. Trade in current US dollar terms dropped even further than trade in volume terms (—23%), thanks in large part to falling prices of oil and other primary commodities.

Economists have suggested a number of reasons why trade declined so steeply, including the imposition of some of protectionist measures. But the consensus that has emerged centres on a sharp contraction in global demand as the primary cause. This was magnified by the product composition of the fall in demand, by the presence of global supply chains, and by the fact that the decline in trade was synchronized across countries and regions(1). The weakness in private sector demand was linked to the global recession triggered by the sub-prime mortgage crisis in the United States. What began in the US financial sector soon spread to the real economy, with global repercussions. Limited availability of trade finance also played a role.
Chart 1: Volume of world merchandise exports, 1965-2009(Annual % change)
Source: WTO Secretariat.

Table 1: Quarterly growth in world trade in manufactures by product, 2008Q1-2009Q3 (y-o-y percentage change in current US dollars

Source: WTO Secretariat estimates based on mirror data.




· Fonte:
www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres10_e/pr598_e.htm

Preliminary data of the 2010 Census already reveal changes in the Brazilian population pyramid

Preliminary data of the 2010 Census already reveal changes in the Brazilian population pyramid



With 80% of the Brazilian population already enumerated, preliminary data of the 2010 Census indicate that the Brazilian population pyramid has changed in the last decade. In 2000, children aged up to 4 represented 9.64% of the Brazilian population; nowadays they are 7.17%. Those aged 5 to 9 were 9.74%, a percentage that declined to 7.79%. The population aged up to 24 accounted for 49.68% of Brazilians 10 years ago; now it is 41.95%.

Conversely, at the end of the 2000 Census, approximately 24.5 thousand Brazilians aged over 100 were found. This year, with the operation still in progress, records already reach more than 17 thousand. “The decreased fertility and mortality rates, together with a longer life expectancy, explain this change in the demographic pattern”, states IBGE’s president Eduardo Pereira Nunes, during the release of the third balance of the 2010 Census data collection.

The Census has already counted 154 million Brazilians

The 2010 Census had already counted 80% of the Brazilian population, around 154.2 million people, up to 12 o’clock of this Monday, September 27. Besides, enumerators had visited 57.8 million households. Collection continues until October 31, and where it is already finished, the last step of data verification has begun. In this step, IBGE asks the help of residents, which may also receive the visit of professionals who will go to field after enumeration to supervise the conducted work.

At least 600 thousand households will receive supervisors’ visit

With data collection progress, supervision of information received by IBGE has begun. In this phase, when at least 600 thousand households will be visited, supervisors will go to field to check the quality of enumerators’ work. IBGE asks the population to welcome supervisors as friendly as they had welcomed enumerators.



Interviews continue up to October 31

Since August 1st, around 191 thousand enumerators have collected information for the 12th Brazilian Population Census, the first to be totally computerized. Up to October 31, they will visit all households in the 5,565 Brazilian municipalities, so that IBGE may reveal a new portrait of the country, by means of a set of demographic socio-economic and housing information.

Enumerators may be identified due to their uniform (the 2010Cansus waistcoat and cap, see images below), by their identity document (with name and photograph), which will be visible at the waistcoat pocket and by the data collection device (PDA). Their identity may be checked via a toll-free number (0800-7218181), from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m., and at the 2010 Census site, at www.censo2010.ibge.gov.br/recenseadores.php.

Each enumerator may organize a work schedule in order to interview at least a resident that may inform on all residents, in all the households designated to him. In case he cannot find someone during working hours, he may make visits at night, during weekends or even on holidays.

Population will greatly benefit from the Census

The Census is the main data source about population’s life in municipalities and localities. It collects information to define public policies at national, state and municipal level. Census results also help private initiative to take decisions on investments. Besides, based on censuses, it is possible to follow population’s growth, geographical distribution, and other characteristics in time.

That is why it is important to respond to the Census: it will enable society to calculate how many schools, hospitals and other public facilities are necessary in each locality, as well as infrastructure works. Also, with Census data, private initiative may plan investments, such as the selection of places to establish factories, shopping malls, schools, day care facilities, movie theaters, restaurants, etc.


Social CommunicationSeptember, 27, 2010



http://www.ibge.gov.br/english/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1722&id_pagina=1